The Beltsville Small White turkey was developed in the United States. It originated at the Beltsville Agricultural Research Center in Beltsville, Maryland, as part of a breeding program initiated in the early 20th century. The goal of the program was to create a smaller-sized turkey with good meat production characteristics.The Beltsville Small White turkey was specifically bred to be smaller than other commercial turkey breeds while still maintaining desirable traits for meat production. This breed has a compact build, white plumage, and is known for its flavorful and tender meat. Its smaller size made it well-suited for smaller farms and backyard flocks.
 
While the Beltsville Small White turkey was once a popular breed, its commercial popularity has diminished over the years as larger breeds, like the Broad Breasted White, became more prevalent in the turkey industry. Conservation efforts have been made to preserve rare and heritage turkey breeds, including the Beltsville Small White, as part of the broader goal to maintain genetic diversity in domestic poultry populations. 
 
A good-natured breed, they are ideal for a small homestead as they are a good pastured bird, with nice weight conversion and high natural fertility.